Solution

In MS Excel, the dollar sign ($) is used to convert a relative address to an absolute address. By placing the $ before the column letter, row number, or both, you lock that part of the reference, so it does not change when copying the formula to another cell.

For example:

• $A$1: Absolute reference to both column A and row 1.
• A$1: Absolute reference to row 1, but relative reference to column A.
• $A1: Absolute reference to column A, but relative reference to row 1.