Open-source software refers to software whose source code is freely available to the public. This allows anyone to view, modify, and distribute the code. It encourages collaboration and innovation, as developers can adapt the software to their needs. Examples include Linux, Apache, and Firefox. Open-source software may be free or have associated costs for additional services.

System software is designed to manage and operate computer hardware, providing a platform for other software. The Windows operating system is a classic example, as it handles core tasks such as file management, hardware control, and resource allocation. In contrast, applications like Microsoft Word, Photoshop, and Google Chrome are examples of application software.

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device connected to a network. Its primary purpose is to allow devices to identify and communicate with each other over the internet or local networks. It ensures proper routing of data between the sender and the recipient. Examples include IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 addresses.

The AutoFit feature in Excel is used to automatically adjust the width of a column or the height of a row to fit the contents. This ensures that data is fully visible without manual resizing. You can use AutoFit by double-clicking the boundary between column or row headers or selecting Format > AutoFit Column Width in the toolbar.

The IF() function in Excel evaluates a condition (logical_test) and returns one value if the condition is TRUE and another if it is FALSE.

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

• logical_test: The condition to evaluate (e.g., A1>10).
• value_if_true: The result if the condition is true.
• value_if_false: The result if the condition is false.

Example:

=IF(A1>10, "Pass", "Fail")

This checks if the value in cell A1 is greater than 10. If true, it returns "Pass"; otherwise, "Fail."