Mangal Pandey is widely regarded as the first martyr of the Revolt of 1857, which is also known as the First War of Indian Independence. He was a sepoy in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry and played a pivotal role in sparking the rebellion. On 29th March 1857, Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at the barracks in Barrackpore, and he was subsequently arrested and executed on 8th April 1857. His actions are seen as the catalyst that led to the widespread uprising against British rule.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was led by Vallabhbhai Patel, who later earned the title "Sardar", meaning leader or chief, for his leadership and organizing skills. This movement was launched in the Bardoli district of Gujarat in response to the increase in land revenue assessment by the British government. Patel organized the farmers to refuse payment of the increased taxes and mobilized support through non-violent resistance. The successful outcome of the Satyagraha significantly enhanced Patel’s reputation as a leader and played an important role in the Indian independence movement.

Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar when British troops under General Dyer fired on a peaceful, unarmed gathering, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of Indians. Deeply disturbed by this brutal act and the oppressive policies of British rule, Tagore chose to give up his Knighthood, which he had received in 1915, as a powerful statement against colonial injustices and to express solidarity with the Indian people.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, marking the formal end of World War I. It was one of the peace treaties that resulted from the Paris Peace Conference and placed significant reparations and territorial losses on Germany. The treaty aimed to prevent further conflict but also laid the groundwork for political and economic conditions that contributed to World War II.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, an Indian scholar, freedom fighter, and senior leader of the Indian National Congress, authored "India Wins Freedom," which provides an insightful account of the Indian independence movement from his perspective. The book reflects his experiences and observations as a prominent figure during the struggle for India's independence.