In the Mahabharata, Punjab is referred to as Pancha-nada, meaning "the land of five rivers." This name highlights the region's rich hydrological network formed by the five rivers: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum, which were integral to its culture and prosperity.

Maharaja Dalip Singh, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was the last Sikh ruler of the Sikh Empire. He ascended the throne as a child after the death of his father, but the empire eventually fell to the British following the Anglo-Sikh Wars.

Phulkari is a traditional folk embroidery art of Punjab, known for its intricate floral patterns and vibrant colors.

In ancient texts like the Rigveda, the River Ravi was referred to as Purushni. It is one of the five rivers that gave Punjab its name and played a significant role in the early civilizations of the region.

In 1948, the princely states of Patiala, Nabha, Malerkotla, Jind, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Nalagarh, and Kalsia were merged to form the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).