The Afghan ruler who was a foe of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was Shah Zaman. The Maharaja of Punjab, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, rose to power after capturing Lahore from Shah Zaman's forces in 1799. 

After the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), the Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between the British and Raja Gulab Singh. According to this treaty, Raja Gulab Singh was granted the state of Jammu and Kashmir in exchange for a payment of 7.5 million Nanakshahi rupees to the British. This marked the establishment of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under Raja Gulab Singh's rule.

The Arya Samaj movement was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay (now Mumbai).

The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was signed between the British East India Company and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It established the Sutlej River as the boundary, restricting Ranjit Singh's expansion southwards and ensuring British dominance in the region beyond the river.

Jamrud Fort is a historic fortress located at the entrance of the Khyber Pass, near Peshawar in Pakistan. Built in 1836 by the Sikh general Hari Singh Nalwa, it served as a strategic military outpost during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.