The Indus Valley Civilization was primarily located in present-day India and Pakistan, with key sites like Harappa (in Punjab) and Mohenjo-daro. While the Indus Valley Civilization had trade links with Mesopotamia, Mesopotamia itself was a separate ancient civilization located in modern-day Iraq, not part of the Indus Valley Civilization.

The novel "Sundri" was written by Bhai Vir Singh, a prominent Punjabi writer, poet, and reformer. Published in 1898, the novel is considered a classic of Punjabi literature.

“Gurpartap Suraj Granth" was written by Bhai Santokh Singh.

The First Treaty of Lahore was signed on 9 March 1846 between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire after the First Sikh War. As part of the treaty, the Sikhs agreed to hand over Kashmir, Hazara, and the Jalandhar Doab to the British. It was due to this treaty that the Kohinoor diamond was also handed over to the British.

The poem 'Pinjre Pia Panchi' was written by Bhai Vir Singh, a pioneer of modern Punjabi literature and poetry.